Compressed Air Audit–The Trials of a Client

Almost everyone who works in a plant around compressed air has heard the term “Air Audit”.  And if you’re in a position to talk to sales people I’m sure nearly every one has discussed an air audit for your plant.  Supposed air audit professionals are everywhere and prices for such a service range from FREE to thousands of dollars.  So how is an end user to decide which company to select to evaluate their compressed air system?

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I was recently in a meeting with a paper mill to discuss new local controls for their centrifugal compressors.  This particular plant knew that the local controls were antiquated and if any of the components failed there was nowhere to purchase spare parts.  Also, the plant had recently paid to have an air audit performed at their facility to determine applicable steps that could be taken to increase the efficiency of the compressed air system.

After going through our sales presentation on our proposed local controls, the plant personnel brought up the topic of a new compressor.  We of course stated we would be glad to discuss a new compressor and at the time even had a great deal on an inventory unit.

However, we also brought up that according to other plant personnel, the audit didn’t call for a new compressor so we were slightly confused.

They stated they were not 100% on board with the audit findings and still felt one additional compressor at the same size range as their current units would put them in a better position.

As we progressed through our conversation, we asked if they had pressure reducing valves in the plant for any of their steam systems.  We were told they did and we subsequently discussed steam pressures from the boilers, the steam usage pressures and amount of available steam.

From our preliminary conversations  it appeared they had enough steam to drive a decent size centrifugal compressor so we tossed the idea out of running the new compressor via a steam turbine drive which basically provides them with free compressed air.  We simply use a steam turbine as a PRV in the plant.

They thought this was a fabulous idea and were thrilled we brought up the idea.  Again, somewhat confused, we asked if the audit they had just paid for discussed steam turbine driven compressors and they replied “No” , they had never heard of this.

Obviously, I’m not going to state who the original audit company was but at the end of the meeting the plant personnel told us they would like to hire our auditing division to come on site to do another air audit.  By this point they had zero confidence in the audit for which they had just written a check.

It pains me to think that any company (or individual) has just paid for something from which  they receive no benefit. 

Now back to the original question, how does a company determine who to hire for an air audit.  I can’t honestly give you a complete answer but I have a few suggestions.

Like so many things – you get what you pay for.  If you take a company up on a free air audit you should expect primarily a sales pitch for a report

Review sample reports – even the best audit is worthless if you can’t understand the report and/or it doesn’t give you valuable information.

The report should have clear, concise progressive steps to be taken to achieve the most reliable, efficient compressed air system.  Make sure these are shown in order of importance and you are given pricing for each section or stage and not just a total implementation estimate.  Many times the cost to achieve compressed air nirvana can be hundreds of thousands and into millions of dollars.  Most plant budgets just can’t take that kind of hit all at once so you’ll want to implement in stages.

Check References – especially references from like companies.  If you’re a chemical company then you need references from chemical companies.  Same for power generation, pulp & paper, automotive assembly, tire plant or whatever your industry happens to be.

It’s obviously important to have an audit group that knows compressed air but in my opinion, it’s equally beneficial if that group has performed multiple audits in the same type of plant as yours.  Experience within that area can provide valuable information you might not otherwise receive.

In the case of the paper mill earlier, I’m hopeful the original audit company did their best for the client but simply did not know the right questions to ask.  We have done audits in so many paper mills that we know an abundance of steam along with PRV’s is a norm at these facilities so we knew the right questions to ask.

I hope these quick suggestions are helpful as you look to improve the compressed air efficiency in your facility.

If you have any question feel free to contact me to further discuss.

 

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Air or Electric

Drum Mixer


A 1.17 rated horsepower air operated mixer uses 45 cfm at 80 pounds-per-square-inch (psi) and operates 40 hours per week. The cost of the compressed air to operate this motor over a year is $1,292. A comparably sized electric motor of Energy Policy Act (EPACT) efficiency, rated for hazardous locations, is around $350. The cost to operate the EPACT motor under the same conditions is less than $100 per year. Including installation, payback is under one year.

Air Audits can discover a multitude of energy saving ideas in your plant.

 

 

 

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Understand Your System

Compressed air system’s are complex.  Each components carries it’s own difficulties in understanding but once multiples of these components are installed in an industrial plant, a simple area drawing gets complicated really quick.

Compressed Air System Schematic

Before implementing energy reduction strategies, be familiar with all aspects of your compressed air system.

System Supply

Analyze the supply side of your compressed air system for the types of compressors and dryers used, suitability and settings of capacity controls and other operating conditions. Understand the basic capabilities of the system and its various modes of operation. Verify that air compressors are not too big for end uses. For example, an air compressor is oversized if the end use only requires air pressure that is 50 % of the pressure that the compressor is capable of producing. Once the big picture is in view, supply side operating conditions can be modified, within the constraints of the compressed air unit, to better match the demand side uses of compressed air.

System demand

Identify all the uses of compressed air in the plant. Quantify the volume of air used in each application and generate a demand profile, quantity of air used as a function of time, for the compressor. Equipment specifications for operations that use air are good resources for obtaining data on air volume use rates. The profile highlights peak and low demand. A general assessment of compressed air use will help identify inappropriate uses of air.

System diagram

Develop a sketch of your compressed air system including compressors, dryers, receivers, filtration, drain traps, air supply lines with dimensions, and compressed air end uses to provide an overall view of the entire compressed air process.

Distribution system

Investigate the distribution system for any problems related to line size, pressure loss, air storage capacity, air leaks and condensation drains. Verify that all condensation drains are operating properly because inadequate drainage can increase pressure drop across the distribution system.

Maintenance

Evaluate maintenance procedures, records and training. Ensure that procedures are in place for operating and maintaining the compressed air system, and that employees are trained in these procedures.

Qualified audit engineers can give you a complete understanding of your system.

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Keep Your Money

Stack of Money

Conservation Strategies for Compressed Air Systems

Identify easy to implement energy conservation opportunities in your compressed air system by conducting a walk-through assessment. Simple conservation opportunities can result in savings up to 25% of the current cost to run the compressed air system.

Leaks

Routinely check your system for leaks. A distribution system under 100 pounds-per-square-inch gauged (psig) of pressure, running 40 hours per week, with the equivalent of a quarter-inch diameter leak will lose compressed air at a rate of over 100 cfm costing over $2,800 per year. In noisy environments an ultrasonic detector may be needed to locate leaks.

Compressor pressure

The compressor must produce air at a pressure high enough to overcome pressure losses in the supply system and still meet the minimum operating pressure of the end use equipment. Pressure loss in a properly designed system will be less than 10% of the compressor’s discharge pressure found on a gage on the outlet of the compressor. If pressure loss is greater than 10%, evaluate your distribution system and identify areas causing excessive pressure drops. Every two PSI decrease in compressor pressure will reduce your operating costs 1.5%.

Identify artificial demands

Artificial demand is created when an end use is supplied air pressure higher than required for the application. If an application requires 50 psi but is supplied 90 psi, excess compressed air is used. Use pressure regulators at the end use to minimize artificial demand.

Inappropriate use of compressed air

Look for inappropriate uses of compressed air at your facility. Instead of using compressed air, use air conditioning or fans to cool electrical cabinets; use blowers to agitate, aspirate, cool, mix, and inflate packaging; and use low-pressure air for blow guns and air lances. Disconnect the compressed air source from unused equipment.

Heat recovery

As much as 80 to 90% of the electrical energy used by an air compressor is converted to heat. A properly designed heat recovery unit can recover 50 to 90% of this heat for heating air or water. Approximately 50,000 British thermal units (BTUs) per hour is available per 100 cfm of compressor capacity when running at full load. For example, consider a 100 hp compressor that generates 350 cfm at full load for 75% of the year. If 50% of heat loss is recovered to heat process water, the savings, at $0.50 per therm, would be about $4,100 per year in natural gas.

Inlet air filters

Maintain inlet air filters to prevent dirt from causing pressure drops by restricting the flow of air to the compressor. Retrofit the compressor with large-area air intake filters to help reduce pressure drop.

Compressor size

If your compressor is oversized add a smaller compressor and sequence-controls to make its operation more efficient when partially loaded. Sequence-controls can regulate a number of compressors to match compressed air needs, as they vary throughout the day.

Air receiver/surge tank

If your compressed air system does not have an air receiver tank, add one to buffer short-term demand changes and reduce on/off cycling of the compressor. The tank is sized to the power of the compressor. For example, a 50 hp air compressor needs approximately a 50-gallon air receiver tank.

Cooler intake air

When ingesting cooler air, which is more dense, compressors use less energy to produce the required pressure. For example, if 90 degree F intake air is tempered with cooler air from another source to 70 degree F, the 20 degree F temperature drop will lower operating costs by almost 3.8%.

V-belts

Routinely check the compressor’s v-belts for proper tightness. Loose belts slip more frequently which reduces compressor efficiency.

An air audit performed by a professional auditing company can find tremendous savings in your compressed air system.  Consider an audit as an investment for your companies future.

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Turn It Off

TA-3000

Those big air compressors in the back that nobody wants to look at consume a huge amount of energy. A 100 horsepower compressor can cost $75,000 per year in energy costs (based on 8,760 hours at $0.10 per kilowatt hour). Utilizing automation, storage and flow control, system balancing and best use practices along with other details,  can allow you to turn some compressors off. Just running the above mentioned 100 HP compressor during lunch each day can cost up to $3,000.00 annually.

 

An Air Audit today could save thousands next year!

 

 

 

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Saving Energy On Compressed Air Does More Than Save Money

smoggy city

Approximately 70% of all manufacturers have a compressed air system. These systems power a variety of equipment, including machine tools, material handling and separation equipment, and spray painting equipment. Energy audits conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) suggest that over 50% of compressed air systems at small to medium sized industrial facilities have low-cost energy conservation opportunities.

Significant air emissions are released when electricity is produced. A recent study for the state of Minnesota, indicated that one-fourth of the energy-related emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead and mercury are from generating electric power. Industry uses over 34% of this electricity. Reducing electricity used by compressed air systems will help improve everyone’s air quality.

A team of qualified auditing engineers is the correct way to evaluate your system.

Contact me today to schedule a consultation.

 

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